Browsing by Author "Karaer, Nihat"

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    Sultan Abdulaziz'in Avrupa seyahati ile Osmanlı ve batı kamuoyundaki yankıları
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2003) Karaer, Nihat; Özkaya, Yücel; Tarih
    ABSTRACT By the 1 8th century Ottaman Empire began to reaiize its weokness against the Western countries, therefore it wished to know there those countries in detail. It was the result of this idea that 28th Celebi Mehmet was sent to France as an Ambossador. With the establishment of new embassies by the end of the century these contacts were carried one step forward. Sending students to Europe for education created a new Intellectual Society that knows European Civilization in Ottoman Empire. In 19th century, this elite class accelerated westernization movements in Ottoman Empire. With the declaration of Reform Command Ottoman-Europe relations reached a new phase. Contacts reached its highest point when Sultan Abdulaziz had a visit to Europe in 1 867. For the first time an Ottoman Sultan had visits to main European capitals when France Emperor III. Napolleon invited Sultan Abdulaziz to Paris international Exhibition as guest of honor in 1867. Going ashore in Tulon, Sultan was welcomed with an amazing ceremony. In all the places he visited, he was respected. After visiting France and England and then Vienna, he received great respect from the kings of Belgium and Prussia. Having an enourmous effect in Europe, the visits had the following profits for the Ottoman Empire: Ottoman-Europe relations starting with the Crimean War were strengthened. European interfere in Crete and Balkans was partly restricted, and English support against Russia was gained. Furthermore, what was going to be done for the reforms in Ottoman Empire to reach the target was established. Although it is not possible to say that Ottoman directors reached their goal that they wished to, it is easy to say that relations with Europe stepped over a new phase. 192