Türkiye'de çalışma hayatının örgütlenmesi: Çalışma Bakanlığı'nın kuruluşu ve faaliyetleri (1945-1983)
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Date
2021
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Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü
Abstract
During and after World War II, events occurred that determined the future place of nations in economic, social and political contexts. It has taken action to determine its position in this new world order in Turkey. Turkey's efforts, united with internal dynamics, have had significant consequences in working life. Although the legal framework of working life was drawn in 1936 by Labor Law no. 3008, Turkey followed the world one step behind in terms of institutionalization of working life.The point highlighted here is that you can't get to the point where you the organized period of working life, namely the Ministry of Labour, was established only in 1945. In post-war conjunctivitis, Turkey founded the Ministry of Labor in 1945 in response to a need. The main philosophy of establishing the Ministry is to ensure the rights and freedoms of the workers in the working life, as clearly stated in the law of establishment. Although much of this philosophy was created within the framework of the model taken from developed European countries, national interests were at the forefront. Therefore, the quality of the founding philosophy based on harmonious cooperation of labor and capital is fed from turkey's national, economic and social organization. In the process of organizing Turkish working life; As well as the Ministry of Labor, the Workers' Insurance Authority, and the Job and Employees Agency, established from within the Ministry are important rings. These rings strengthened the role of the mediator in the working life of the Ministry on the basis of social security and assistance policies. Despite these positive developments in the corporate sense, the rights of employees to organize, the harmonious motif of employee and employer relations; collective bargaining agreements, and the process of the development of labor movements are painful. In order to assess the degree to which the duties and responsibilities undertaken by the Ministry of Labor have been achieved, structural analysis of the working life in terms of quantitative and quality needs to be done. At this point, it will be required to do this by addressing many elements of the analysis such as the current work lines and the number of working workers, the financial maintenance tool wages of the lives of the workers, unemployment, worker insurance, disputes, and the method of resolution of these labor disputes, occupational accidents, and occupational diseases. All of these elements will help analyze working life between 1945 and 1983, at this point, it will provide to be understood whether the Ministry has won a guiding, mediator, and constructive role. The organized Turkish working life, which began with the establishment of the Ministry of Labor, gained its final status in the international field in 1945 with membership in the International Labor Organization (ILO). Membership in the ILO has made the Ministry of Labor functionally more active in order to improve working conditions and ensure social development. Between 1945 and 1983, the Ministry approved several ILO conventions, which has earned a modern form to Turkish working life. Therefore, 1945 is important in terms of the year in which Turkey is organized both in the national and international areas. With the duties and responsibilities undertaken in terms of ensuring working peace due to the more efficient human labor and the well-being of the employee both financially and spiritually, the Ministry of Labour has been the only authority of working life in terms of decision-making until the decision to merge with the Ministry of Social Security in 1983 and a joint role with the relevant ministries and organizations in the development of the Turkish economy.
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Keywords
İşçi, Çalışma hayatı, Çalışma bakanlığı, Sosyal politika, Uluslararası çalışma örgütü