Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nda cihat ilanı ve Orta Doğu
No Thumbnail Available
Files
Date
2015
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Abstract
World War I broke out when the prince Ferdinand heir to the crown of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. The Ottoman Empire entered the war that continued more than four years on German side and declared jihad. The declaration of jihad was a plan plotted by Germany. When Germany was stopped in Marne, Yser, Ypres and Mazuries' moors by the Allied Forces, all their clandestine plans went flat. In order to lessen the burden of the war, they had to get the Russian engaged in the Caucuses and the British in Egypt. For this reason, they terribly needed Turkey to go into the war on their side. Germany reckoned that of rebellion used by "Holy War" at least a portion of the Muslim world by exploiting the Unionists in Turan policies and by supporting it panislamist policy. The whole Islamic world of the colonial or semi-colonial state was formed in the negative factor for Jihad. Panislamist great propaganda activities were initiated after the declaration of Jihad. Mosques became the center of the Qur'an and lecture of the Bukhari, hand was laid to religious order, Prominent Muslim clerics and leaders of the Arab countries were invited by the colonial rebellion. While Berlin and Istanbul was became panislam propaganda centers, thanks to the fact that the neutral countries were tried to reach out propaganda purposes to non-Muslims in various ways. For this purpose, regardless of the Sunni-Shiite differences were the effort to establish alliances of panislamist politics issue. Turkish-German side tried to use the jihad policy at pilgrimage. At the same time, Entente Powers used all forces to tried to stop the propaganda made for this purpose and they were prospering. However, the application of Turanist policies and panislamist policy was causing to be questioned of Jihad. Besides, pan-islamist policy which was under the guidance of Germany, were refuted with big and strong arguments from the Ententes. Central powers Powers of jihad was important in the success, and even if it was frightening initially at successful military victory. Especially, defeat of Jihad had seen in a short time in Sarikamish in the Caucasus, Iraq Şuayyib and Channel in Egytp, but Panislamist policy had been continuining at the end of the war. However, Jihad no chance to succeed. Cemal Pasha's launched untimely and unnecessarly execution in Syria and then Arabian people began to move away quickly from the jihad. Already, Arabs were reluctant at war issues and after that execution issue Arabs pulled away from the Turkish and they defeated red flag with the draft nationalism. After the military defeat that accelerated the collapse of morale in the field of jihad. North African Muslims who were captured by Germany and some of them who were in prison camps who can be convinced after intense propaganda campaign was sent to Istanbul but frustrations just started at that time. Muslims of North Africa was sent to battle against the British and Russians where the battlefront of Iran and Iraq. However, they escaped to British at the first opportunity. They passed into the ranks of Sharif Hussein's rebellion. Which began in 1917, the Bolshevik revolution was revealed as a chance to jihad but the Turks since then have other eyes Turan and was moving toward the Dagestan. However, germans' empeyal dreams and turks' turan dreams finished when USA took the place of tsarist Russia in the war. Turks came back from the geography of Turan that they were advancing, with the armistice of Mondros and "Holy War" enden failure. Ulama brought to Istanbul, each scattered on one side to take care of themselves and after living a miserable life, Arab mujahideen chiefs were sent to the country by various means. Young leaders who participated in the war fled from Istanbul and founded successive Ottoman governments could not stand. After then, a new Turkish State emerged.
Description
Keywords
Tarih